Laminar flow characterizes the steady, orderly movement of a liquid in layers. Unlike turbulent flow, where masses move chaotically, laminar flow exhibits predictable patterns. This occurs when the fluid's speed is relatively low and the viscosity persists high. In such a scenario, each band of liquid flows smoothly past its adjacent layer without

From self-directed machines performing everyday tasks to advanced companions offering emotional support, the landscape of human interaction is undergoing a significant transformation. Although robot technology has been around for decades, recent advancements in artificial intelligence and robotics have propelled these innovations into the mainstrea